The 30-year-old is accused of sexually assaulting a woman in Hunter Valley, north of Sydney, on 30 September.
New South Wales Police said he has been bailed pending a court appearance in Burwood on 10 December.
Police said they launched an investigation after receiving reports a woman had been sexually assaulted by a man she met on social media.
The investigation is being led by detectives from the Child Abuse and Sex Crimes Squad.
Hayne is currently a free agent having left the Parramatta Eels at the end of the season.