On Sunday the palace announced that the king was in an unstable condition after receiving haemodialysis treatment.
King Bhumibol, 88, is widely revered, and a crowd of well-wishers have gathered outside Siriraj hospital.
Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha cancelled an official engagement to meet the Crown Prince.
A palace statement late on Wednesday said the king's "blood pressure lowered and breath quickened".
It said his liver and kidneys were not working properly and he remained on a ventilator.
The unprecedented concern over his health has caused stocks and Thailand's currency, the baht, to tumble.
The Stock Exchange of Thailand closed down 2.5%, its lowest since the end of May.
A government spokesman urged people to rely on official announcements for updates on the situation, rather than on "uncorroborated information in social media circles".