Sushma Swaraj said "large numbers" of Indians had lost their jobs in the kingdom, leaving them with not enough money to buy food.
The Indian community in Jeddah, with the government's help, has distributed food to those in need at the weekend.
Growth has slowed in Saudi Arabia as the country suffers the effect of lower oil prices.
Ms Swaraj appealed on Twitter for the three-million-strong Indian community in the country to "help your fellow brothers and sisters".
