Syria's 1-0 victory on Thursday shocked fans in the Chinese city of Xi'an who took to the streets.
China has said it wants to become a "world football superpower".
But the loss means the team could now miss out on a place in the 2018 World Cup in Russia.
China is ranked 78th in the world whereas Syria is 114th, just ahead of North Korea. The Chinese team faces Uzbekistan on 11 October which will decide if they qualify.
