The embattled businessman had taken the drug, commonly used as anaesthesia, dozens of times in recent years.
Under South Korean law, recipients of a controlled drug can be prosecuted as well as those who administer it.
The controversial heir had just been released on parole in August, having spent 20 months in jail for bribery and embezzlement convictions.
During his latest trial, prosecutors said that Lee used propofol multiple times between 2015 and 2020 under the guise of skin treatment.
