Turkey's military said the soldiers had been targeted in a Syrian government air strike on Thursday, during an offensive by Turkish-backed rebels against so-called Islamic State.
However, a Syrian monitoring group said the deaths were caused by a suicide bomb attack on Wednesday claimed by IS.
Meanwhile a member of the US military has died while fighting against IS.
The soldier, who has not been named, died from wounds caused by an improvised explosive device in Ayn Issa, north of the IS stronghold Raqqa.